{"id":11032,"date":"2020-01-29T13:49:25","date_gmt":"2020-01-29T12:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/melo.no\/?p=11032"},"modified":"2026-06-04T22:26:29","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T20:26:29","slug":"rasjonalisering-eller-driftsinnskrenkning-etter-arbeidsmiljoloven-%c2%a7-15-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/melo.no\/en\/juridisk-innsikt\/arbeidsrett\/rasjonalisering-eller-driftsinnskrenkning-etter-arbeidsmiljoloven-%c2%a7-15-7\/","title":{"rendered":"Rationalisation or workforce reductions under the Working Environment Act"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fws_6a3bfa2545fd1\"  data-midnight=\"dark\" data-top-percent=\"3%\"  data-bg-mobile-hidden=\"\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row standard_section\"  style=\"padding-top: calc(100vw * 0.03); padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\" data-bg-animation=\"none\"><div class=\"inner-wrap\"><div class=\"row-bg\"  style=\"\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row-bg-overlay\" ><\/div><\/div><div class=\"col span_12 dark left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-8 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding\"  data-t-w-inherits=\"default\" data-border-radius=\"none\" data-shadow=\"none\" data-border-animation=\"\" data-border-animation-delay=\"\" data-border-width=\"none\" data-border-style=\"solid\" data-border-color=\"\" data-bg-cover=\"\" data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-hover-bg=\"\" data-hover-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" ><div class=\"column-bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"fws_6a3bfa2546756\" data-midnight=\"\" data-column-margin=\"default\" data-bg-mobile-hidden=\"\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row standard_section\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\"> <div class=\"row-bg\"  style=\"\"><\/div> <\/div><div class=\"col span_12  left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col has-animation no-extra-padding\"   data-t-w-inherits=\"default\" data-shadow=\"none\" data-border-radius=\"none\" data-border-animation=\"\" data-border-animation-delay=\"\" data-border-width=\"none\" data-border-style=\"solid\" data-border-color=\"\" data-bg-cover=\"\" data-padding-pos=\"top-bottom\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-hover-bg=\"\" data-hover-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"fade-in-from-bottom\" data-delay=\"0\"><div class=\"column-bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\r\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element  vc_custom_1780604785446\" >\r\n\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\r\n\t\t<p><em>This article is of an older date, and its content may therefore be outdated. We recommend seeking specific legal advice before taking any action.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Section 15-7 of the Norwegian Working Environment Act provides that an employee may not be dismissed unless the dismissal is objectively justified by circumstances relating to the undertaking, the employer, or the employee. The relevant alternative here is \u201ccircumstances relating to the undertaking.\u201d The question is whether the need for rationalisation, in itself, constitutes a valid ground for dismissal.<\/p>\n<h2>The company does not necessarily have to be performing poorly<\/h2>\n<p>A company does not necessarily have to be experiencing financial difficulties for a dismissal to be considered objectively justified. Workforce reductions implemented to increase the company\u2019s profitability may also provide valid grounds for dismissing employees. However, the reason for the downsizing will be relevant when assessing whether the dismissal is objectively justified. An employer has the right to take necessary measures in a timely manner to ensure the efficient operation of the business and to manage the undertaking in a way that avoids insolvency and maximises returns.<\/p>\n<p>The provisions of the Norwegian Private Limited Liability Companies Act also require company management to safeguard the interests of shareholders by generating profits. It is therefore legitimate to implement rationalisation measures that are necessary to achieve that objective. The company does not need to be on the brink of bankruptcy. Forecasts regarding market conditions and similar factors may justify the implementation of dismissals.<\/p>\n<h2>Suitable alternative employment<\/h2>\n<p>Where a dismissal is caused by operational downsizing or rationalisation measures, it will not be objectively justified if the employer has other suitable work available within the undertaking that can be offered to the employee. This follows from Section 15-7, second paragraph, of the Working Environment Act. When determining whether a dismissal based on downsizing or rationalisation measures is objectively justified, a balancing exercise must be carried out between the needs of the undertaking and the disadvantages the dismissal imposes on the individual employee.<\/p>\n<p>There are, however, certain limitations. In practice, distinctions are made between different categories of positions. If the rationalisation measures also affect employees in senior management positions, such employees cannot, under the Working Environment Act, require appointment to another vacant managerial position. Case law demonstrates that employers enjoy considerable discretion in recruiting for such positions. Further down the organisational hierarchy, however, the employer\u2019s freedom to determine whether another vacant position is \u201csuitable\u201d becomes more restricted.<\/p>\n<p>The provision does not impose any obligation on the employer to create a new position. Nor is the employer required to provide the employee with a new education or extensive training in order to qualify for a vacant position. However, the employer must provide ordinary introductory training in the job duties, just as would be done for a newly hired employee. The employee must be offered the position if he or she is capable of performing the work satisfactorily. Case law shows that employees rarely succeed in having a dismissal declared invalid where they have been offered suitable alternative employment and declined the offer.<\/p>\n<h2>The act requires a balancing of interests<\/h2>\n<p>Section 15-7 of the Working Environment Act is also based on the premise that downsizing or rationalisation measures do not, in themselves, automatically provide sufficient grounds for dismissal. The Act requires a balancing of interests between, on the one hand, the burden imposed on the employee by the dismissal and, on the other hand, the undertaking\u2019s need for workforce reductions.<\/p>\n<p>As a general rule, the greater the hardship imposed on the individual employee, the stronger the employer\u2019s need for dismissal must be. In other words, less is required for a dismissal to be considered objectively justified where the company\u2019s situation is critical than where the downsizing is primarily motivated by a desire to increase profitability.<\/p>\n<p>The most obvious disadvantage for the employee is, naturally, the loss of income. In addition, the employee may often face difficulties in securing alternative employment.<\/p>\n<p>The assessment is always discretionary. For example, it may weigh in the employer\u2019s favour if the employee has realistic opportunities to obtain alternative employment within the same industry at a reasonable distance from his or her residence. Conversely, if alternative employment would require entering an entirely different industry, or would involve significantly longer commuting distances, this should be taken into account in the employee\u2019s favour.<\/p>\n<p>The preparatory works to the Working Environment Act make it clear that the company\u2019s needs must also be weighed against the difficulties that the employee and his or her family would face. Social considerations, such as sole responsibility for supporting dependants, may therefore be relevant factors.<\/p>\n<h2>Duty to inform and consult<\/h2>\n<p>If at least ten employees are dismissed within a period of 30 days, Section 15-2 of the Working Environment Act imposes a duty on the employer to inform and consult with the employees\u2019 representatives. The purpose is for the parties to attempt to find alternatives to dismissal. If dismissals cannot be avoided, efforts should be made to minimise their adverse consequences.<\/p>\n<h2>Procedural rules under the Basic Agreement<\/h2>\n<p>Additional procedural rules are found in the Basic Agreement between the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO) and the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (NHO). The Basic Agreement is often referred to as the \u201cconstitution of working life.\u201d It is generally advisable for all companies facing a rationalisation process to follow the procedural rules set out in the Basic Agreement. Courts often expect compliance with these standards of procedure regardless of whether the employer is formally bound by the agreement.<\/p>\n<h2>The procedure may be decisive<\/h2>\n<p>The employer bears the burden of proving that the dismissal is objectively justified. <a href=\"https:\/\/melo.no\/en\/juridisk-innsikt\/arbeidsrett\/formkrav-og-saksbehandlingsregler-ved-oppsigelse-og-avskjed\/\">The manner in which the process is conducted<\/a> can therefore be decisive. The fact that consultations with employees have taken place before a decision is made may indicate that the employer has carried out the assessments required by law. Where such consultations have not been held, the employer bears the burden of proving that the absence of consultations did not affect the validity of the grounds for dismissal or the selection process.<\/p>\n<h2>Selection<\/h2>\n<p>Section 8-2 of the Basic Agreement states:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn cases of dismissal due to downsizing or rationalisation, seniority may be departed from where there are objective grounds for doing so.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This provision applies only where the collective agreement is applicable.<\/p>\n<p>According to the wording of the provision, the starting point is that when employees are otherwise equal with regard to qualifications that may legitimately be considered, the employee with the longest seniority takes precedence. However, this is only a starting point.<\/p>\n<p>Not every difference between employees is sufficient to justify departing from the seniority principle. Differences in general education, for example, will not automatically justify such a departure. On the other hand, differences in language skills may justify departing from seniority if such skills are relevant to the position. As a general rule, seniority should be followed where employees are substantially equal in terms of qualifications.<\/p>\n<p>In a downsizing situation, the employer may have a clear interest in retaining certain employees rather than others in order to ensure the continued operation of the business. The reasons for preferring one employee over another may vary and can include competence, willingness to cooperate, reliability in relation to attendance and sick leave, and similar considerations. A company is entitled to retain skilled and versatile employees, provided that the selection is based on objective considerations and a sound exercise of discretion. The employer must be able to document that such an assessment has been carried out in an objective and reasonable manner. Personal preferences or favouritism are clearly impermissible considerations. However, the employer may legitimately attach significant weight to factors such as the employee\u2019s work performance, willingness to step in when needed, readiness to undertake additional duties, willingness to work overtime, and similar considerations.\nSocial factors may also constitute legitimate selection criteria and may justify retaining employees with shorter seniority in certain circumstances.<\/p>\n<h6>Source: Storeng Beck &amp; Due Lund: Arbeidsrett (11. edition)<\/h6>\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-4 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding\"  data-t-w-inherits=\"default\" data-border-radius=\"none\" data-shadow=\"none\" data-border-animation=\"\" data-border-animation-delay=\"\" data-border-width=\"none\" data-border-style=\"solid\" data-border-color=\"\" data-bg-cover=\"\" data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-hover-bg=\"\" data-hover-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" ><div class=\"column-bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"fws_6a3bfa2547040\" data-midnight=\"\" data-column-margin=\"default\" data-bg-mobile-hidden=\"\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row standard_section\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\"> <div class=\"row-bg\"  style=\"\"><\/div> <\/div><div class=\"col span_12  left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding\"   data-t-w-inherits=\"default\" data-shadow=\"none\" data-border-radius=\"10px\" data-border-animation=\"\" data-border-animation-delay=\"\" data-border-width=\"none\" data-border-style=\"solid\" data-border-color=\"\" data-bg-cover=\"\" data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-hover-bg=\"\" data-hover-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\"><div class=\"column-bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"team-member\" data-style=\"meta_below\"><a href=\"mailto:amelo@melo.no\" ><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Atle Mel\u00f8\" src=\"https:\/\/melo.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Atle_Mel\u00f8__0020-scaled.jpg\" title=\"Atle Mel\u00f8\" \/><\/a><h4 class=\"light\"><a class=\"accent-color\" href=\"mailto:amelo@melo.no\" >Atle Mel\u00f8<\/a><\/h4><div class=\"position\">Partner<\/div><p class=\"description\">amelo@melo.no<br \/>\n+47 951 80 979<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"fws_6a3bfa2547c56\"  data-midnight=\"dark\"  data-bg-mobile-hidden=\"\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row standard_section\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\" data-bg-animation=\"none\"><div class=\"inner-wrap\"><div class=\"row-bg\"  style=\"\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row-bg-overlay\" ><\/div><\/div><div class=\"col span_12 dark left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding\"  data-t-w-inherits=\"default\" data-border-radius=\"none\" data-shadow=\"none\" data-border-animation=\"\" data-border-animation-delay=\"\" data-border-width=\"none\" data-border-style=\"solid\" data-border-color=\"\" data-bg-cover=\"\" data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-hover-bg=\"\" data-hover-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" ><div class=\"column-bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"height: 15px;\" class=\"divider\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"fws_6a3bfa2548439\"  data-midnight=\"light\" data-top-percent=\"6%\" data-bottom-percent=\"6%\"  data-bg-mobile-hidden=\"\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row full-width-section  vc_row-o-equal-height vc_row-flex  vc_row-o-content-middle standard_section\"  style=\"padding-top: calc(100vw * 0.06); padding-bottom: calc(100vw * 0.06); \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\" data-bg-animation=\"none\"><div class=\"inner-wrap using-image\"><div class=\"row-bg using-image\"  style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/melo.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Kalender.jpg); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; \"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"row-bg-overlay\" style=\"background-color:rgba(10,6,6,0.84);  opacity: 0.5; \"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"col span_12 light left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding\"  data-t-w-inherits=\"default\" data-border-radius=\"none\" data-shadow=\"none\" data-border-animation=\"\" data-border-animation-delay=\"\" data-border-width=\"none\" data-border-style=\"solid\" data-border-color=\"\" data-bg-cover=\"\" data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-hover-bg=\"\" data-hover-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\" ><div class=\"column-bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"fws_6a3bfa254883f\" data-midnight=\"\" data-column-margin=\"default\" data-bg-mobile-hidden=\"\" class=\"wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row standard_section\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; \"><div class=\"row-bg-wrap\"> <div class=\"row-bg\"  style=\"\"><\/div> <\/div><div class=\"col span_12  left\">\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-2 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding\"   data-t-w-inherits=\"default\" data-shadow=\"none\" data-border-radius=\"none\" data-border-animation=\"\" data-border-animation-delay=\"\" data-border-width=\"none\" data-border-style=\"solid\" data-border-color=\"\" data-bg-cover=\"\" data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-hover-bg=\"\" data-hover-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\"><div class=\"column-bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-8 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col centered-text padding-2-percent\"   data-t-w-inherits=\"default\" data-shadow=\"none\" data-border-radius=\"none\" data-border-animation=\"\" data-border-animation-delay=\"\" data-border-width=\"none\" data-border-style=\"solid\" data-border-color=\"\" data-bg-cover=\"\" data-padding-pos=\"left-right\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-hover-bg=\"\" data-hover-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\"><div class=\"column-bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h2 style=\"font-size: 40px;line-height: 52px;text-align: center\" class=\"vc_custom_heading wpb_animate_when_almost_visible wpb_fadeInUp fadeInUp\" >Any questions regarding labour law?<\/h2><div class=\"divider-wrap\" data-alignment=\"default\"><div style=\"height: 40px;\" class=\"divider\"><\/div><\/div><a class=\"nectar-button large see-through-3  has-icon wpb_animate_when_almost_visible wpb_zoomIn zoomIn\"  style=\"border-color: #d1b48d;\"  href=\"mailto:post@melo.no\" data-color-override=\"#d1b48d\" data-hover-color-override=\"false\" data-hover-text-color-override=\"#ffffff\"><span>Send us a non-binding inquiry<\/span><i  class=\"fa fa-arrow-down\"><\/i><\/a>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n\n\t<div  class=\"vc_col-sm-2 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding\"   data-t-w-inherits=\"default\" data-shadow=\"none\" data-border-radius=\"none\" data-border-animation=\"\" data-border-animation-delay=\"\" data-border-width=\"none\" data-border-style=\"solid\" data-border-color=\"\" data-bg-cover=\"\" data-padding-pos=\"all\" data-has-bg-color=\"false\" data-bg-color=\"\" data-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-hover-bg=\"\" data-hover-bg-opacity=\"1\" data-animation=\"\" data-delay=\"0\"><div class=\"column-bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Denne artikkelen er av eldre dato og innholdet kan derfor v\u00e6re utdatert. Vi anbefaler alltid uansett \u00e5 s\u00f8ke konkrete r\u00e5d f\u00f8r du foretar noen disposisjoner. Av arbeidsmilj\u00f8loven \u00a7 15-7 f\u00f8lger...","protected":false},"author":188,"featured_media":11033,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_analytify_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-11032","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-arbeidsrett"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rasjonalisering eller driftsinnskrenkning etter arbeidsmilj\u00f8loven<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En arbeidstaker kan ikke sies opp uten at det er saklig begrunnet i virksomhetens, arbeidsgivers eller arbeidstakers forhold.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/melo.no\/en\/juridisk-innsikt\/arbeidsrett\/rasjonalisering-eller-driftsinnskrenkning-etter-arbeidsmiljoloven-\u00a7-15-7\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Atle Mel\u00f8\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/melo.no\/juridisk-innsikt\/arbeidsrett\/rasjonalisering-eller-driftsinnskrenkning-etter-arbeidsmiljoloven-%c2%a7-15-7\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/melo.no\/juridisk-innsikt\/arbeidsrett\/rasjonalisering-eller-driftsinnskrenkning-etter-arbeidsmiljoloven-%c2%a7-15-7\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Atle 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